Subway Cars Transform into Artificial Reef in Beaufort, SC

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Artificial reef made from subway cars submerged in the ocean.

News Summary

In a unique environmental initiative, New York City subway cars have been repurposed to create an artificial reef off the coast of Beaufort, South Carolina. This project, part of an ongoing effort by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, aims to enhance marine habitats and promote recreational diving. The newly installed reef, known as PA-49, will not only benefit local marine life but also contribute significantly to the state’s economy by providing fishing opportunities and attracting tourism.

Beaufort, South Carolina: Subway Cars Become Artificial Reef

New York City subway cars are now being repurposed to create an artificial reef off the coast of South Carolina.

Project Details

On March 13, 2025, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the South Carolina Army National Guard successfully sunk a former armored personnel carrier into the ocean. This event contributes to the ongoing reef development in the area.

Location: Off the coast of Beaufort, South Carolina
Method: A crew utilized a barge measuring 180 feet long and 80 feet wide, filling it with seawater until it sunk to approximately 50 feet below the ocean floor.
Reef Name: PA-49, also known as Hilton Head Reef

Ongoing Artificial Reef Program

This project is part of a larger initiative by the DNR, which has been active since 1973. Currently, there are 43 artificial reefs established along the South Carolina coast, each varying in depth from 35 feet to 130 feet, making them accessible for recreational diving.

Goals: To provide additional fishing opportunities and reduce the pressure on natural reefs.
Economic Impact: The artificial reefs are projected to contribute approximately $83 million annually to South Carolina’s economy, potentially exceeding $100 million when adjusted for inflation.

Reef Composition and Marine Life

The artificial reefs in South Carolina consist of diverse materials, including tanks, barges, Navy boats, shipping containers, and now the subway cars. These structures are designed to attract marine life, providing essential habitats that mimic the limited natural reefs in the region.

Marine Life Growth: Fish are expected to seek shelter in the newly sunk barge shortly after it settles, with invertebrates likely to accumulate within 30 days.
Design Enhancements: DNR has added shipping containers welded to the barge’s deck to create more hiding spots for fish.

Future Plans

While this recent addition may mark the conclusion of reef construction in Beaufort County for the year, plans are underway for further projects further north. Upcoming initiatives may include sinking a 102-foot barge near Cape Romain.

Additionally, the S.C. Department of Natural Resources is exploring other eco-friendly methods for habitat enhancement, such as utilizing Christmas trees and new concrete structures.